145 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
145 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
# 题目地址(1297. 子串的最大出现次数)
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https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/maximum-number-of-occurrences-of-a-substring
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## 题目描述
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```
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给你一个字符串 s ,请你返回满足以下条件且出现次数最大的 任意 子串的出现次数:
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子串中不同字母的数目必须小于等于 maxLetters 。
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子串的长度必须大于等于 minSize 且小于等于 maxSize 。
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示例 1:
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输入:s = "aababcaab", maxLetters = 2, minSize = 3, maxSize = 4
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输出:2
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解释:子串 "aab" 在原字符串中出现了 2 次。
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它满足所有的要求:2 个不同的字母,长度为 3 (在 minSize 和 maxSize 范围内)。
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示例 2:
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输入:s = "aaaa", maxLetters = 1, minSize = 3, maxSize = 3
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输出:2
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解释:子串 "aaa" 在原字符串中出现了 2 次,且它们有重叠部分。
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示例 3:
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输入:s = "aabcabcab", maxLetters = 2, minSize = 2, maxSize = 3
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输出:3
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示例 4:
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输入:s = "abcde", maxLetters = 2, minSize = 3, maxSize = 3
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输出:0
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提示:
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1 <= s.length <= 10^5
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1 <= maxLetters <= 26
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1 <= minSize <= maxSize <= min(26, s.length)
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s 只包含小写英文字母。
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```
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## 暴力法
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题目给的数据量不是很大,为 1 <= maxLetters <= 26,我们试一下暴力法。
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### 思路
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暴力法如下:
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- 先找出所有满足长度大于等于 minSize 且小于等于 maxSize 的所有子串。(平方的复杂度)
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- 对于 maxLetter 满足题意的子串,我们统计其出现次数。时间复杂度为 O(k),其中 k 为子串长度
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- 返回最大的出现次数
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### 代码
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Pythpn Code:
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```python
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class Solution:
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def maxFreq(self, s: str, maxLetters: int, minSize: int, maxSize: int) -> int:
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n = len(s)
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letters = set()
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cnts = dict()
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res = 0
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for i in range(n - minSize + 1):
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length = minSize
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while i + length <= n and length <= maxSize:
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t = s[i:i + length]
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for c in t:
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if len(letters) > maxLetters:
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break
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letters.add(c)
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if len(letters) <= maxLetters:
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cnts[t] = cnts.get(t, 0) + 1
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res = max(res, cnts[t])
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letters.clear()
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length += 1
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return res
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```
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上述代码会超时。我们来利用剪枝来优化。
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## 剪枝
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### 思路
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还是暴力法的思路,不过我们在此基础上进行一些优化。首先我们需要仔细阅读题目,如果你足够细心或者足够有经验,可能会发现其实题目中 maxSize 没有任何用处,属于干扰信息。
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也就是说我们没有必要统计`长度大于等于 minSize 且小于等于 maxSize 的所有子串`,而是统计长度为 minSize 的所有字串即可。原因是,如果一个大于 minSize 长度的字串若是满足条件,那么该子串其中必定有至少一个长度为 minSize 的字串满足条件。因此一个大于 minSize 长度的字串出现了 n 次,那么该子串其中必定有一个长度为 minSize 的子串出现了 n 次。
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### 代码
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代码支持 Python3,Java:
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Python Code:
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```python
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def maxFreq(self, s: str, maxLetters: int, minSize: int, maxSize: int) -> int:
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counter, res = {}, 0
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for i in range(0, len(s) - minSize + 1):
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sub = s[i : i + minSize]
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if len(set(sub)) <= maxLetters:
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counter[sub] = counter.get(sub, 0) + 1
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res = max(res, counter[sub])
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return res;
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# @lc code=end
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```
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Java Code:
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```java
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public int maxFreq(String s, int maxLetters, int minSize, int maxSize) {
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Map<String, Integer> counter = new HashMap<>();
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int res = 0;
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for (int i = 0; i < s.length() - minSize + 1; i++) {
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String substr = s.substring(i, i + minSize);
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if (checkNum(substr, maxLetters)) {
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int newVal = counter.getOrDefault(substr, 0) + 1;
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counter.put(substr, newVal);
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res = Math.max(res, newVal);
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}
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}
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return res;
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}
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public boolean checkNum(String substr, int maxLetters) {
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Set<Character> set = new HashSet<>();
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for (int i = 0; i < substr.length(); i++)
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set.add(substr.charAt(i));
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return set.size() <= maxLetters;
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}
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```
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## 关键点解析
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- 滑动窗口
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- 识别题目干扰信息
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- 看题目限制条件,对于本题有用的信息是`1 <= maxLetters <= 26`
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## 扩展
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我们也可以使用滑动窗口来解决,感兴趣的可以试试看。
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