feat: add Stooge sort algorithm (#2440)

* feat: add Stooge sort algorithm

* docs: add documentation for function parameters and includes

* test: add new tests for the Stooge sort

* docs: Update functions descriptions

* fix: Update parameter type to size_t

* doc: Add message that the tests have passed

* fix: Update return statement structure

---------

Co-authored-by: David Leal <halfpacho@gmail.com>

sorting/stooge_sort.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/**
+ * @file
+ * @brief [Stooge sort implementation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stooge_sort)
+ * in C++
+ * @details
+ * Stooge sort is a recursive sorting algorithm.
+ * It divides the array into 3 parts and proceeds to:
+ *	- sort first two thirds of the array
+ *	- sort last two thirds of the array
+ *  - sort first two thirds of the array
+ * It's time complexity is O(n^(log3/log1.5)), which is about O(n^2.7),
+ * which makes it to be not the most efficient sorting algorithm
+ * on the street on average. Space complexity is O(1).
+ */
+
+#include <vector> /// for vector
+#include <cassert> /// for assert
+#include <algorithm>  /// for std::is_sorted
+#include <iostream>   /// for IO operations
+
+ /**
+  * @brief The stoogeSort() function is used for sorting the array.
+  * @param L - vector of values (int) to be sorted in in place (ascending order)
+  * @param i - the first index of the array (0)
+  * @param j - the last index of the array (L.size() - 1)
+  * @returns void
+  */
+void stoogeSort(std::vector<int>* L, size_t i, size_t j) {
+    if (i >= j) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if ((*L)[i] > (*L)[j]) {
+        std::swap((*L)[i], (*L)[j]);
+    }
+    if (j - i > 1) {
+        size_t third = (j - i + 1) / 3;
+        stoogeSort(L, i, j - third);
+        stoogeSort(L, i + third, j);
+        stoogeSort(L, i, j - third);
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Function to test sorting algorithm
+ * @returns void
+ */
+void test1() {
+	std::vector<int> L = { 8, 9, 10, 4, 3, 5, 1 };
+	stoogeSort(&L, 0, L.size() - 1);
+	assert(std::is_sorted(std::begin(L), std::end(L)));
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Function to test sorting algorithm, one element
+ * @returns void
+ */
+void test2() {
+	std::vector<int> L = { -1 };
+	stoogeSort(&L, 0, L.size() - 1);
+	assert(std::is_sorted(std::begin(L), std::end(L)));
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Function to test sorting algorithm, repeating elements
+ * @returns void
+ */
+void test3() {
+	std::vector<int> L = { 1, 2, 5, 4, 1, 5 };
+	stoogeSort(&L, 0, L.size() - 1);
+	assert(std::is_sorted(std::begin(L), std::end(L)));
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Main function
+ * @param argc commandline argument count (ignored)
+ * @param argv commandline array of arguments (ignored)
+ * @returns 0 on exit
+ */
+int main() {
+	test1();
+	test2();
+	test3();
+    
+    std::cout << "All tests have successfully passed!\n";
+	return 0;
+}