TheAlgorithms-C-Plus-Plus/graph/depth_first_search.cpp
2020-08-17 20:10:03 -07:00

134 lines
3.3 KiB
C++

/**
*
* \file
* \brief [Depth First Search Algorithm
* (Depth First Search)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth-first_search)
*
* \author [Ayaan Khan](http://github.com/ayaankhan98)
*
* \details
* Depth First Search also quoted as DFS is a Graph Traversal Algorithm.
* Time Complexity O(|V| + |E|) where V is number of vertices and E
* is number of edges in graph.
*
* Application of Depth First Search are
*
* 1. Finding connected components
* 2. Finding 2-(edge or vertex)-connected components.
* 3. Finding 3-(edge or vertex)-connected components.
* 4. Finding the bridges of a graph.
* 5. Generating words in order to plot the limit set of a group.
* 6. Finding strongly connected components.
*
* And there are many more...
*
* <h4>Working</h4>
* 1. Mark all vertices as unvisited first
* 2. start exploring from some starting vertex.
*
* While exploring vertex we mark the vertex as visited
* and start exploring the vertices connected to this
* vertex in recursive way.
*
*/
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
/**
*
* \namespace graph
* \brief Graph Algorithms
*
*/
namespace graph {
/**
* \brief
* Adds and edge between two vertices of graph say u and v in this
* case.
*
* @param adj Adjacency list representation of graph
* @param u first vertex
* @param v second vertex
*
*/
void addEdge(std::vector<std::vector<size_t>> *adj, size_t u, size_t v) {
/*
*
* Here we are considering undirected graph that's the
* reason we are adding v to the adjacency list representation of u
* and also adding u to the adjacency list representation of v
*
*/
(*adj)[u - 1].push_back(v - 1);
(*adj)[v - 1].push_back(u - 1);
}
/**
*
* \brief
* Explores the given vertex, exploring a vertex means traversing
* over all the vertices which are connected to the vertex that is
* currently being explored.
*
* @param adj garph
* @param v vertex to be explored
* @param visited already visited vertices
*
*/
void explore(const std::vector<std::vector<size_t>> &adj, size_t v,
std::vector<bool> *visited) {
std::cout << v + 1 << " ";
(*visited)[v] = true;
for (auto x : adj[v]) {
if (!(*visited)[x]) {
explore(adj, x, visited);
}
}
}
/**
* \brief
* initiates depth first search algorithm.
*
* @param adj adjacency list of graph
* @param start vertex from where DFS starts traversing.
*
*/
void depth_first_search(const std::vector<std::vector<size_t>> &adj,
size_t start) {
size_t vertices = adj.size();
std::vector<bool> visited(vertices, false);
explore(adj, start, &visited);
}
} // namespace graph
/** Main function */
int main() {
size_t vertices = 0, edges = 0;
std::cout << "Enter the Vertices : ";
std::cin >> vertices;
std::cout << "Enter the Edges : ";
std::cin >> edges;
/// creating graph
std::vector<std::vector<size_t>> adj(vertices, std::vector<size_t>());
/// taking input for edges
std::cout << "Enter the vertices which have edges between them : "
<< std::endl;
while (edges--) {
size_t u = 0, v = 0;
std::cin >> u >> v;
graph::addEdge(&adj, u, v);
}
/// running depth first search over graph
graph::depth_first_search(adj, 2);
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}