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https://hub.njuu.cf/TheAlgorithms/C-Plus-Plus.git
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243 lines
8.3 KiB
C++
243 lines
8.3 KiB
C++
/**
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* @file
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* @author [Md. Anisul Haque](https://github.com/mdanisulh)
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* @brief Simple C++ implementation of the [SHA-256 Hashing Algorithm]
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* (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2)
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*
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* @details
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* [SHA-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2) is a set of cryptographic hash
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* functions that was designed by the
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* [NSA](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Security_Agency) and first
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* published in 2001. SHA-256 is a part of the SHA-2 family. SHA-256 is widely
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* used for authenticating software packages and secure password hashing.
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*/
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#include <array> /// For std::array
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#include <cassert> /// For assert
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#include <cstdint> /// For uint8_t, uint32_t and uint64_t data types
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#include <iomanip> /// For std::setfill and std::setw
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#include <iostream> /// For IO operations
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#include <sstream> /// For std::stringstream
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/**
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* @namespace hashing
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* @brief Hashing algorithms
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*/
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namespace hashing {
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/**
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* @namespace SHA-256
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* @brief Functions for the [SHA-256](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2)
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* algorithm implementation
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*/
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namespace sha256 {
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/**
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* @brief Pads the input string to be a multiple of 512-bits
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* @param input Input string
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* @return std::string The padded input string
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*/
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std::string prepare_input(const std::string& input) {
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// Pre-processing
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std::string padded_input = input;
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uint64_t input_size = input.length() * 8; // Message length in bits
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// Append a single '1' bit
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padded_input += '\x80';
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// Pad with zeros
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while ((padded_input.length() * 8) % 512 != 448) padded_input += '\x00';
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// Append length of the original input string as a 64-bit big-endian integer
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for (uint32_t i = 64; i != 0; i -= 8) {
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padded_input += static_cast<char>((input_size >> (i - 8)) & 0xFF);
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}
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return padded_input;
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}
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/**
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* @brief Rotates the bits of a 32-bit unsigned integer
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* @param n Integer to rotate
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* @param rotate Number of bits to rotate
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* @return uint32_t The rotated integer
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*/
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uint32_t right_rotate(uint32_t n, size_t rotate) {
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return (n >> rotate) | (n << (32 - rotate));
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}
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/**
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* @brief The SHA-256 algorithm
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* @param input The input string to hash
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* @return std::string The final hash value
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*/
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std::string sha256(const std::string& input) {
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// Initialize array of hash values with first 32 bits of the fractional
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// parts of the square roots of the first 8 primes 2..19
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std::array<uint32_t, 8> hash = {0x6A09E667, 0xBB67AE85, 0x3C6EF372,
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0xA54FF53A, 0x510E527F, 0x9B05688C,
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0x1F83D9AB, 0x5BE0CD19};
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// Initialize array of round constants with first 32 bits of the fractional
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// parts of the cube roots of the first 64 primes 2..311
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const std::array<uint32_t, 64> k = {
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0x428A2F98, 0x71374491, 0xB5C0FBCF, 0xE9B5DBA5, 0x3956C25B, 0x59F111F1,
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0x923F82A4, 0xAB1C5ED5, 0xD807AA98, 0x12835B01, 0x243185BE, 0x550C7DC3,
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0x72BE5D74, 0x80DEB1FE, 0x9BDC06A7, 0xC19BF174, 0xE49B69C1, 0xEFBE4786,
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0x0FC19DC6, 0x240CA1CC, 0x2DE92C6F, 0x4A7484AA, 0x5CB0A9DC, 0x76F988DA,
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0x983E5152, 0xA831C66D, 0xB00327C8, 0xBF597FC7, 0xC6E00BF3, 0xD5A79147,
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0x06CA6351, 0x14292967, 0x27B70A85, 0x2E1B2138, 0x4D2C6DFC, 0x53380D13,
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0x650A7354, 0x766A0ABB, 0x81C2C92E, 0x92722C85, 0xA2BFE8A1, 0xA81A664B,
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0xC24B8B70, 0xC76C51A3, 0xD192E819, 0xD6990624, 0xF40E3585, 0x106AA070,
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0x19A4C116, 0x1E376C08, 0x2748774C, 0x34B0BCB5, 0x391C0CB3, 0x4ED8AA4A,
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0x5B9CCA4F, 0x682E6FF3, 0x748F82EE, 0x78A5636F, 0x84C87814, 0x8CC70208,
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0x90BEFFFA, 0xA4506CEB, 0xBEF9A3F7, 0xC67178F2};
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const std::string padded_input = prepare_input(input);
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// Process message in successive 512-bit (64-byte) chunks
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for (size_t i = 0; i < padded_input.length(); i += 64) {
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std::array<uint32_t, 64> blocks{};
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// Copy chunk into first 16 words of the message schedule array
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for (size_t j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
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blocks[j] =
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(static_cast<uint8_t>(padded_input[i + j * 4]) << 24) |
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(static_cast<uint8_t>(padded_input[i + j * 4 + 1]) << 16) |
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(static_cast<uint8_t>(padded_input[i + j * 4 + 2]) << 8) |
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static_cast<uint8_t>(padded_input[i + j * 4 + 3]);
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}
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for (size_t j = 16; j < 64; ++j) {
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uint32_t s0 = right_rotate(blocks[j - 15], 7) ^
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right_rotate(blocks[j - 15], 18) ^
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(blocks[j - 15] >> 3);
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uint32_t s1 = right_rotate(blocks[j - 2], 17) ^
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right_rotate(blocks[j - 2], 19) ^
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(blocks[j - 2] >> 10);
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blocks[j] = blocks[j - 16] + s0 + blocks[j - 7] + s1;
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}
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// Initialize working variables
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uint32_t a = hash[0];
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uint32_t b = hash[1];
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uint32_t c = hash[2];
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uint32_t d = hash[3];
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uint32_t e = hash[4];
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uint32_t f = hash[5];
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uint32_t g = hash[6];
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uint32_t h = hash[7];
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// Compression function main loop
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for (size_t j = 0; j < 64; ++j) {
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uint32_t s1 =
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right_rotate(e, 6) ^ right_rotate(e, 11) ^ right_rotate(e, 25);
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uint32_t ch = (e & f) ^ (~e & g);
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uint32_t temp1 = h + s1 + ch + k[j] + blocks[j];
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uint32_t s0 =
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right_rotate(a, 2) ^ right_rotate(a, 13) ^ right_rotate(a, 22);
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uint32_t maj = (a & b) ^ (a & c) ^ (b & c);
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uint32_t temp2 = s0 + maj;
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h = g;
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g = f;
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f = e;
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e = d + temp1;
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d = c;
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c = b;
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b = a;
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a = temp1 + temp2;
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}
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// Update hash values
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hash[0] += a;
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hash[1] += b;
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hash[2] += c;
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hash[3] += d;
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hash[4] += e;
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hash[5] += f;
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hash[6] += g;
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hash[7] += h;
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}
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// Convert the hash to a hexadecimal string
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std::string result;
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for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
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for (size_t j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
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uint32_t byte = (hash[i] >> (24 - j * 8)) & 0xFF;
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std::stringstream ss;
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ss << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << byte;
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result += ss.str();
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}
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}
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return result;
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}
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} // namespace sha256
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} // namespace hashing
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/**
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* @brief Self-test implementations
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* @returns void
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*/
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static void test() {
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// 1st Test
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std::string input = "";
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std::string expected =
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"e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855";
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std::string output = hashing::sha256::sha256(input);
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std::cout << "Input: " << input << std::endl;
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std::cout << "Expected: " << expected << std::endl;
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std::cout << "Output: " << output << std::endl;
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assert(output == expected);
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std::cout << "1st TEST PASSED\n\n";
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// 2nd Test
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input = "test";
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expected =
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"9f86d081884c7d659a2feaa0c55ad015a3bf4f1b2b0b822cd15d6c15b0f00a08";
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output = hashing::sha256::sha256(input);
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std::cout << "Input: " << input << std::endl;
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std::cout << "Expected: " << expected << std::endl;
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std::cout << "Output: " << output << std::endl;
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assert(output == expected);
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std::cout << "2nd TEST PASSED\n\n";
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// 3rd Test
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input = "Hello World";
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expected =
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"a591a6d40bf420404a011733cfb7b190d62c65bf0bcda32b57b277d9ad9f146e";
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output = hashing::sha256::sha256(input);
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std::cout << "Input: " << input << std::endl;
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std::cout << "Expected: " << expected << std::endl;
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std::cout << "Output: " << output << std::endl;
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assert(output == expected);
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std::cout << "3rd TEST PASSED\n\n";
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// 4th Test
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input = "Hello World!";
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expected =
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"7f83b1657ff1fc53b92dc18148a1d65dfc2d4b1fa3d677284addd200126d9069";
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output = hashing::sha256::sha256(input);
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std::cout << "Input: " << input << std::endl;
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std::cout << "Expected: " << expected << std::endl;
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std::cout << "Output: " << output << std::endl;
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assert(output == expected);
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std::cout << "4th TEST PASSED\n\n";
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}
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/**
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* @brief Main function
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* @returns 0 on exit
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*/
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int main() {
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test(); // Run self-test implementations
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// Custom Input
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std::string input;
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std::cout << "Enter a message to be hashed: ";
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getline(std::cin, input);
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std::string hash = hashing::sha256::sha256(input);
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std::cout << "SHA-256 Hash: " << hash << std::endl;
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return 0;
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}
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