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<a href="#nested-classes">Data Structures</a> |
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<div class="headertitle"><div class="title">euclidean_algorithm_extended.c File Reference</div></div>
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<p>Program to perform the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Euclidean_algorithm" target="_blank">extended Euclidean algorithm</a>
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<a href="#details">More...</a></p>
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<div class="textblock"><code>#include <assert.h></code><br />
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<code>#include <stdio.h></code><br />
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<code>#include <stdlib.h></code><br />
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</div><div class="textblock"><div class="dynheader">
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Include dependency graph for euclidean_algorithm_extended.c:</div>
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Data Structures</h2></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">struct  </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d8/d1e/structeuclidean__result.html">euclidean_result</a></td></tr>
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<tr class="memdesc:"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">for tests <a href="../../d8/d1e/structeuclidean__result.html#details">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="separator:"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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</table><table class="memberdecls">
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<tr class="heading"><td colspan="2"><h2 class="groupheader"><a id="func-members" name="func-members"></a>
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Functions</h2></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:aaa5f87fdd4cc35a6c77e255416de66ba"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">static void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#aaa5f87fdd4cc35a6c77e255416de66ba">single_test</a> (int a, int b, int gcd, int x, int y)</td></tr>
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<tr class="memdesc:aaa5f87fdd4cc35a6c77e255416de66ba"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">perform one single check on the result of the algorithm with provided parameters and expected output <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="separator:aaa5f87fdd4cc35a6c77e255416de66ba"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">static void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d">test</a> ()</td></tr>
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<tr class="memdesc:aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Perform tests on known results. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="separator:aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:ae66f6b31b5ad750f1fe042a706a4e3d4"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">int </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#ae66f6b31b5ad750f1fe042a706a4e3d4">main</a> ()</td></tr>
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<tr class="memdesc:ae66f6b31b5ad750f1fe042a706a4e3d4"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Main Function. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="separator:ae66f6b31b5ad750f1fe042a706a4e3d4"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a55267ed2a397f82118bb1140fa5336c0"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">typedef struct <a class="el" href="../../d8/d1e/structeuclidean__result.html">euclidean_result</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#a55267ed2a397f82118bb1140fa5336c0">euclidean_result_t</a></td></tr>
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<tr class="memdesc:a55267ed2a397f82118bb1140fa5336c0"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">for tests <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="separator:a55267ed2a397f82118bb1140fa5336c0"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a14f0d2347018c28ef17be3185b373d8f"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">static void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#a14f0d2347018c28ef17be3185b373d8f">xy_push</a> (int arr[2], int newval)</td></tr>
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<tr class="memdesc:a14f0d2347018c28ef17be3185b373d8f"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">gives queue-like behavior to an array of two ints, pushing an element onto the end and pushing one off the front <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="separator:a14f0d2347018c28ef17be3185b373d8f"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a2692f7190cf9d281ae23df491902d1c8"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">static void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#a2692f7190cf9d281ae23df491902d1c8">calculate_next_xy</a> (int quotient, int prev[2])</td></tr>
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<tr class="memdesc:a2692f7190cf9d281ae23df491902d1c8"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">calculates the value of x or y and push those into the small 'queues' <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="separator:a2692f7190cf9d281ae23df491902d1c8"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a2e7f9cce2f756c6a016ae7e2592f9c5d"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a class="el" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#a55267ed2a397f82118bb1140fa5336c0">euclidean_result_t</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#a2e7f9cce2f756c6a016ae7e2592f9c5d">extended_euclidean_algorithm</a> (int a, int b)</td></tr>
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<tr class="memdesc:a2e7f9cce2f756c6a016ae7e2592f9c5d"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">performs the extended Euclidean algorithm on integer inputs a and b <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="separator:a2e7f9cce2f756c6a016ae7e2592f9c5d"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
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</table>
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<a name="details" id="details"></a><h2 class="groupheader">Detailed Description</h2>
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<div class="textblock"><p>Program to perform the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Euclidean_algorithm" target="_blank">extended Euclidean algorithm</a> </p>
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<p>The extended Euclidean algorithm, on top of finding the GCD (greatest common divisor) of two integers a and b, also finds the values x and y such that ax+by = gcd(a, b) </p>
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</div><h2 class="groupheader">Typedef Documentation</h2>
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<a id="a55267ed2a397f82118bb1140fa5336c0" name="a55267ed2a397f82118bb1140fa5336c0"></a>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a55267ed2a397f82118bb1140fa5336c0">◆ </a></span>euclidean_result_t</h2>
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<td class="memname">typedef struct <a class="el" href="../../d8/d1e/structeuclidean__result.html">euclidean_result</a> <a class="el" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#a55267ed2a397f82118bb1140fa5336c0">euclidean_result_t</a></td>
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<p>for tests </p>
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<p>for IO for div function and corresponding div_t struct</p>
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<p>a structure holding the values resulting from the extended Euclidean algorithm </p>
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<h2 class="groupheader">Function Documentation</h2>
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<a id="a2692f7190cf9d281ae23df491902d1c8" name="a2692f7190cf9d281ae23df491902d1c8"></a>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a2692f7190cf9d281ae23df491902d1c8">◆ </a></span>calculate_next_xy()</h2>
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<td class="memname">static void calculate_next_xy </td>
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<td>(</td>
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<td class="paramtype">int </td>
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<td class="paramname"><em>quotient</em>, </td>
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<td class="paramname"><em>prev</em>[2] </td>
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<span class="mlabels"><span class="mlabel">inline</span><span class="mlabel">static</span></span> </td>
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<p>calculates the value of x or y and push those into the small 'queues' </p>
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<p>Both x and y are found by taking their value from 2 iterations ago minus the product of their value from 1 iteration ago and the most recent quotient.</p>
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<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
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<table class="params">
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<tr><td class="paramname">quotient</td><td>the quotient from the latest iteration of the Euclidean algorithm </td></tr>
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<tr><td class="paramname">prev</td><td>the 'queue' holding the values of the two previous iterations</td></tr>
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<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>void </dd></dl>
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<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 55</span>{</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 56</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../df/dfa/vector_8c.html#af2f92e8cc55e764980bc0573ab5cd06f">next</a> = prev[1] - (prev[0] * quotient);</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 57</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#a14f0d2347018c28ef17be3185b373d8f">xy_push</a>(prev, <a class="code hl_function" href="../../df/dfa/vector_8c.html#af2f92e8cc55e764980bc0573ab5cd06f">next</a>);</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 58</span>}</div>
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<div class="ttc" id="aeuclidean__algorithm__extended_8c_html_a14f0d2347018c28ef17be3185b373d8f"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#a14f0d2347018c28ef17be3185b373d8f">xy_push</a></div><div class="ttdeci">static void xy_push(int arr[2], int newval)</div><div class="ttdoc">gives queue-like behavior to an array of two ints, pushing an element onto the end and pushing one of...</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> euclidean_algorithm_extended.c:36</div></div>
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<div class="ttc" id="avector_8c_html_af2f92e8cc55e764980bc0573ab5cd06f"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../df/dfa/vector_8c.html#af2f92e8cc55e764980bc0573ab5cd06f">next</a></div><div class="ttdeci">int next(Vector *vec)</div><div class="ttdoc">This function gets the next item from the Vector each time it's called.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> vector.c:102</div></div>
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</div><!-- fragment --><div class="dynheader">
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Here is the call graph for this function:</div>
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<div class="center"><iframe scrolling="no" frameborder="0" src="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c_a2692f7190cf9d281ae23df491902d1c8_cgraph.svg" width="256" height="86"><p><b>This browser is not able to show SVG: try Firefox, Chrome, Safari, or Opera instead.</b></p></iframe>
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<a id="a2e7f9cce2f756c6a016ae7e2592f9c5d" name="a2e7f9cce2f756c6a016ae7e2592f9c5d"></a>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a2e7f9cce2f756c6a016ae7e2592f9c5d">◆ </a></span>extended_euclidean_algorithm()</h2>
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<td class="memname"><a class="el" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#a55267ed2a397f82118bb1140fa5336c0">euclidean_result_t</a> extended_euclidean_algorithm </td>
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<td>(</td>
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<p>performs the extended Euclidean algorithm on integer inputs a and b </p>
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<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
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<tr><td class="paramname">a</td><td>first integer input </td></tr>
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<tr><td class="paramname">b</td><td>second integer input</td></tr>
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<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>euclidean_result_t containing the gcd, and values x and y such that ax + by = gcd </dd></dl>
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<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 70</span>{</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 71</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> previous_remainder = 1;</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 72</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> previous_x_values[2] = {0, 1};</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 73</span> <span class="keywordtype">int</span> previous_y_values[2] = {1, 0};</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 74</span> div_t div_result;</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 75</span> <a class="code hl_struct" href="../../d8/d1e/structeuclidean__result.html">euclidean_result_t</a> result;</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 76</span> </div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 77</span> <span class="comment">/* swap values of a and b */</span></div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 78</span> <span class="keywordflow">if</span> (abs(a) < abs(b))</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 79</span> {</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 80</span> a ^= b;</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 81</span> b ^= a;</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 82</span> a ^= b;</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 83</span> }</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 84</span> </div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 85</span> div_result.rem = b;</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 86</span> </div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 87</span> <span class="keywordflow">while</span> (div_result.rem > 0)</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 88</span> {</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 89</span> div_result = div(a, b);</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 90</span> </div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 91</span> previous_remainder = b;</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 92</span> </div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 93</span> a = b;</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 94</span> b = div_result.rem;</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 95</span> </div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 96</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#a2692f7190cf9d281ae23df491902d1c8">calculate_next_xy</a>(div_result.quot, previous_x_values);</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 97</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#a2692f7190cf9d281ae23df491902d1c8">calculate_next_xy</a>(div_result.quot, previous_y_values);</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 98</span> }</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 99</span> </div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 100</span> result.<a class="code hl_variable" href="../../d8/d1e/structeuclidean__result.html#af112efeacb49a666b59047336c968607">gcd</a> = previous_remainder;</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 101</span> result.x = previous_x_values[1];</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 102</span> result.<a class="code hl_variable" href="../../d8/d1e/structeuclidean__result.html#ac6a0162c4014f399f847c83d312217a3">y</a> = previous_y_values[1];</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 103</span> </div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 104</span> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> result;</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 105</span>}</div>
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<div class="ttc" id="aeuclidean__algorithm__extended_8c_html_a2692f7190cf9d281ae23df491902d1c8"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#a2692f7190cf9d281ae23df491902d1c8">calculate_next_xy</a></div><div class="ttdeci">static void calculate_next_xy(int quotient, int prev[2])</div><div class="ttdoc">calculates the value of x or y and push those into the small 'queues'</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> euclidean_algorithm_extended.c:54</div></div>
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<div class="ttc" id="astructeuclidean__result_html"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d8/d1e/structeuclidean__result.html">euclidean_result</a></div><div class="ttdoc">for tests</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> euclidean_algorithm_extended.c:21</div></div>
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<div class="ttc" id="astructeuclidean__result_html_ac6a0162c4014f399f847c83d312217a3"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d8/d1e/structeuclidean__result.html#ac6a0162c4014f399f847c83d312217a3">euclidean_result::y</a></div><div class="ttdeci">int y</div><div class="ttdoc">the values x and y such that ax + by = gcd(a, b)</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> euclidean_algorithm_extended.c:24</div></div>
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<div class="ttc" id="astructeuclidean__result_html_af112efeacb49a666b59047336c968607"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d8/d1e/structeuclidean__result.html#af112efeacb49a666b59047336c968607">euclidean_result::gcd</a></div><div class="ttdeci">int gcd</div><div class="ttdoc">the greatest common divisor calculated with the Euclidean algorithm</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> euclidean_algorithm_extended.c:22</div></div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#ae66f6b31b5ad750f1fe042a706a4e3d4">◆ </a></span>main()</h2>
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<td class="memname">int main </td>
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<td>(</td>
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<p>Main Function. </p>
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<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>0 upon successful program exit </dd></dl>
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<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 151</span>{</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 152</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d">test</a>(); <span class="comment">// run self-test implementations</span></div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 153</span> <span class="keywordflow">return</span> 0;</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 154</span>}</div>
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<div class="ttc" id="aeuclidean__algorithm__extended_8c_html_aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d">test</a></div><div class="ttdeci">static void test()</div><div class="ttdoc">Perform tests on known results.</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> euclidean_algorithm_extended.c:135</div></div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#aaa5f87fdd4cc35a6c77e255416de66ba">◆ </a></span>single_test()</h2>
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<td class="memname">static void single_test </td>
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<td class="paramtype">int </td>
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<td class="paramname"><em>gcd</em>, </td>
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<td class="paramname"><em>x</em>, </td>
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<td>)</td>
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<span class="mlabels"><span class="mlabel">inline</span><span class="mlabel">static</span></span> </td>
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<p>perform one single check on the result of the algorithm with provided parameters and expected output </p>
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<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
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<table class="params">
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<tr><td class="paramname">a</td><td>first paramater for Euclidean algorithm </td></tr>
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<tr><td class="paramname">b</td><td>second parameter for Euclidean algorithm </td></tr>
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<tr><td class="paramname">gcd</td><td>expected value of result.gcd </td></tr>
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<tr><td class="paramname">x</td><td>expected value of result.x </td></tr>
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<tr><td class="paramname">y</td><td>expected value of result.y</td></tr>
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</dd>
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</dl>
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<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>void </dd></dl>
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<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 122</span>{</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 123</span> <a class="code hl_struct" href="../../d8/d1e/structeuclidean__result.html">euclidean_result_t</a> result;</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 124</span> </div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 125</span> result = <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#a2e7f9cce2f756c6a016ae7e2592f9c5d">extended_euclidean_algorithm</a>(a, b);</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 126</span> assert(result.<a class="code hl_variable" href="../../d8/d1e/structeuclidean__result.html#af112efeacb49a666b59047336c968607">gcd</a> == gcd);</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 127</span> assert(result.x == x);</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 128</span> assert(result.<a class="code hl_variable" href="../../d8/d1e/structeuclidean__result.html#ac6a0162c4014f399f847c83d312217a3">y</a> == y);</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 129</span>}</div>
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<div class="ttc" id="aeuclidean__algorithm__extended_8c_html_a2e7f9cce2f756c6a016ae7e2592f9c5d"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#a2e7f9cce2f756c6a016ae7e2592f9c5d">extended_euclidean_algorithm</a></div><div class="ttdeci">euclidean_result_t extended_euclidean_algorithm(int a, int b)</div><div class="ttdoc">performs the extended Euclidean algorithm on integer inputs a and b</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> euclidean_algorithm_extended.c:69</div></div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#aa8dca7b867074164d5f45b0f3851269d">◆ </a></span>test()</h2>
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<span class="mlabels"><span class="mlabel">static</span></span> </td>
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<p>Perform tests on known results. </p>
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<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>void </dd></dl>
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<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 136</span>{</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 137</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#aaa5f87fdd4cc35a6c77e255416de66ba">single_test</a>(40, 27, 1, -2, 3);</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 138</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#aaa5f87fdd4cc35a6c77e255416de66ba">single_test</a>(71, 41, 1, -15, 26);</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 139</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#aaa5f87fdd4cc35a6c77e255416de66ba">single_test</a>(48, 18, 6, -1, 3);</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 140</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#aaa5f87fdd4cc35a6c77e255416de66ba">single_test</a>(99, 303, 3, -16, 49);</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 141</span> <a class="code hl_function" href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#aaa5f87fdd4cc35a6c77e255416de66ba">single_test</a>(14005, 3507, 1, -305, 1218);</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 142</span> </div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 143</span> printf(<span class="stringliteral">"All tests have successfully passed!\n"</span>);</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 144</span>}</div>
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<div class="ttc" id="aeuclidean__algorithm__extended_8c_html_aaa5f87fdd4cc35a6c77e255416de66ba"><div class="ttname"><a href="../../d5/df9/euclidean__algorithm__extended_8c.html#aaa5f87fdd4cc35a6c77e255416de66ba">single_test</a></div><div class="ttdeci">static void single_test(int a, int b, int gcd, int x, int y)</div><div class="ttdoc">perform one single check on the result of the algorithm with provided parameters and expected output</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> euclidean_algorithm_extended.c:121</div></div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a14f0d2347018c28ef17be3185b373d8f">◆ </a></span>xy_push()</h2>
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<p>gives queue-like behavior to an array of two ints, pushing an element onto the end and pushing one off the front </p>
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<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
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<table class="params">
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<tr><td class="paramname">arr</td><td>an array of ints acting as a queue </td></tr>
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<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>void </dd></dl>
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<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 37</span>{</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 38</span> arr[1] = arr[0];</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 39</span> arr[0] = newval;</div>
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<div class="line"><span class="lineno"> 40</span>}</div>
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