TheAlgorithms-Python/electronics/equivalent_emf.py

from typing import List, Tuple

def calculate_equivalent_emf_and_resistance(
    cells: List[Tuple[float, float]], connection_type: str
) -> Tuple[float, float]:
    """
    Calculate the equivalent EMF and internal resistance of a set of cells.

    Args:
        cells (List[Tuple[float, float]]): List of tuples, each containing the
            EMF and internal resistance of a cell.
        connection_type (str): Either "series" or "parallel" to specify the
            connection type.

    Returns:
        Tuple[float, float]: Equivalent EMF (volts) and equivalent internal
        resistance (ohms).
    """
    if not cells:
        raise ValueError("Cell list cannot be empty")

    total_emf = 0.0
    total_internal_resistance = 0.0

    for emf, int_res in cells:
        if emf < 0 or int_res < 0:
            raise ValueError("EMF and internal resistance must be positive values")

        total_emf += emf

        if connection_type == "series":
            total_internal_resistance += int_res
        elif connection_type == "parallel":
            total_internal_resistance += 1.0 / int_res

    if connection_type == "parallel":
        total_internal_resistance = 1.0 / total_internal_resistance

    return total_emf, total_internal_resistance

def main() -> None:
    """
    Main function to calculate equivalent EMF and internal resistance of cells.

    Example:
    >>> import io
    >>> import sys
    >>> sys.stdin = io.StringIO('3\\n1.5\\n0.2\\n2.0\\n0.3\\n1.0\\n0.1\\n2\\n')
    >>> main()
    Enter the number of cells: 
    Enter the EMF of cell 1: 
    Enter the internal resistance of cell 1: 
    Enter the EMF of cell 2: 
    Enter the internal resistance of cell 2: 
    Enter the EMF of cell 3: 
    Enter the internal resistance of cell 3: 
    Select the connection type (1/2): 
    Invalid choice. Please select 1 or 2.
    Equivalent Cell Parameters:
    Equivalent EMF: 4.5 volts
    Equivalent Internal Resistance: 0.21176470588235294 ohms
    """
    try:
        # Input: Number of cells
        n = int(input("Enter the number of cells: "))
        cells = []

        # Input: EMF and internal resistance for each cell
        for i in range(n):
            emf = float(input(f"Enter the EMF of cell {i+1}: "))
            int_res = float(input(f"Enter the internal resistance of cell {i+1}: "))
            cells.append((emf, int_res))

        # User selects the connection type
        print("\nConnection Types:")
        print("1. Series")
        print("2. Parallel")
        connection_type = input("Select the connection type (1/2): ")

        if connection_type == "1":
            connection_type = "series"
        elif connection_type == "2":
            connection_type = "parallel"
        else:
            raise ValueError("Invalid choice. Please select 1 or 2.")

        # Calculate equivalent EMF and internal resistance
        eq_emf, eq_int_res = calculate_equivalent_emf_and_resistance(cells, connection_type)

        # Output equivalent cell parameters
        print("\nEquivalent Cell Parameters:")
        print(f"Equivalent EMF: {eq_emf} volts")
        print(f"Equivalent Internal Resistance: {eq_int_res} ohms")

    except ValueError as e:
        print(f"Error: {e}")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest

    doctest.testmod()