Create prime_numbers.py (#1519)

* Create prime_numbers.py

* Update prime_numbers.py

maths/prime_numbers.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+"""Prime numbers calculation."""
+
+
+def primes(max: int) -> int:
+    """
+    Return a list of all primes up to max.
+    >>> primes(10)
+    [2, 3, 5, 7]
+    >>> primes(11)
+    [2, 3, 5, 7, 11]
+    >>> primes(25)
+    [2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23]
+    >>> primes(1_000_000)[-1]
+    999983
+    """
+    max += 1
+    numbers = [False] * max
+    ret = []
+    for i in range(2, max):
+        if not numbers[i]:
+            for j in range(i, max, i):
+                numbers[j] = True
+            ret.append(i)
+    return ret
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print(primes(int(input("Calculate primes up to:\n>> "))))