Create field_potential.py

electronics/field_potential.py

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+from typing import List, Tuple
+
+def calculate_electric_field(
+    charges: List[Tuple[float, Tuple[float, float, float]]],
+    point: Tuple[float, float, float]
+) -> Tuple[float, Tuple[float, float, float]]:
+    """
+    Calculate the electric field and potential at a given point due to charges.
+
+    Args:
+        charges (List[Tuple[float, Tuple[float, float, float]]]): List of charge
+            magnitude (in Coulombs) and position of charges (x, y, z).
+        point (Tuple[float, float, float]): Position (x, y, z) to calculate the
+            electric field and potential.
+
+    Returns:
+        Tuple[float, Tuple[float, float, float]]: Electric field magnitude (N/C)
+        and electric field vector (Ex, Ey, Ez) at the given point.
+
+    Formula:
+        Electric Field (E) at a point due to charge Q at position (x_q, y_q, z_q):
+        E = k * Q / r^2
+
+        Electric Potential (V) at a point due to charge Q at position (x_q, y_q, z_q):
+        V = k * Q / r
+
+        where
+        k = 8.99 * 10^9 N m^2/C^2 (Coulomb's constant)
+        r = distance from the charge to the point (x, y, z)
+
+    Example:
+    >>> charges = [(1e-6, (0.0, 0.0, 0.0)), (2e-6, (1.0, 0.0, 0.0))]
+    >>> point = (2.0, 0.0, 0.0)
+    >>> calculate_electric_field(charges, point)
+    (1798722.37, (1798722.37, 0.0, 0.0))
+    """
+    k = 8.99e9  # Coulomb's constant (N m^2/C^2)
+
+    electric_field = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
+
+    for charge in charges:
+        charge_magnitude, charge_position = charge
+        dx, dy, dz = (
+            point[0] - charge_position[0],
+            point[1] - charge_position[1],
+            point[2] - charge_position[2]
+        )
+        r = (dx**2 + dy**2 + dz**2)**0.5
+
+        electric_field[0] += k * charge_magnitude * dx / r**3
+        electric_field[1] += k * charge_magnitude * dy / r**3
+        electric_field[2] += k * charge_magnitude * dz / r**3
+
+    electric_field_magnitude = (electric_field[0]**2 + electric_field[1]**2 + electric_field[2]**2)**0.5
+
+    return electric_field_magnitude, tuple(electric_field)
+
+def main() -> None:
+    """
+    Main function to calculate electric field and potential at a given point.
+    """
+    try:
+        n = int(input("Enter the number of charges: "))
+        charges = []
+
+        for i in range(n):
+            charge_magnitude = float(input(f"Enter charge magnitude (in Coulombs) for charge {i+1}: "))
+            position = tuple(float(coord) for coord in input(f"Enter position (x, y, z) for charge {i+1} (comma-separated): ").split(','))
+            charges.append((charge_magnitude, position))
+
+        point = tuple(float(coord) for coord in input("Enter the point (x, y, z) where electric field and potential are to be calculated (comma-separated): ").split(','))
+
+        electric_field_magnitude, electric_field_vector = calculate_electric_field(charges, point)
+
+        print("\nElectric Field and Potential at the Given Point:")
+        print(f"Electric Field Magnitude: {electric_field_magnitude} N/C")
+        print(f"Electric Field Vector (Ex, Ey, Ez): {electric_field_vector}")
+
+    except ValueError as e:
+        print(f"Error: {e}")
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()